Saturday, July 07, 2007

Particle physics: a very short introduction

I've read this book by Frank Close (Oxford U.), so I am jotting down few impressions about it.
This is its structure, with my opinion/excerpt inlined:
  1. Journey to the centre of the universe. Historical-like introduction describing atoms, nuclei, fundamental particles and forces.
  2. How big and small are big and small. Setting the scales; something interesting to think about:
    • scale-jumps at the cosmic level are 1/10^2, at the micro-level are 1/10^4 (much emptier scale).
    • energies/temperatures: room temperature = 0.025eV or 1eV = 10^4K
  3. How we learn what things are made of, and what we found. Energy and waves, Planck, elastic collisions.
  4. The heart of the matter. Everydays life building blocks: u, d, e + nu. Interesting number: the production rate for neutrinos in the sun is 10^38 (something huge, like the relative size of the universe to a single atom).
  5. Accelerators: cosmic and manmade. History and basic principles of accelerators. Interesting thing to know: Lawrence's original cyclotron was only 13cm diameter.
  6. Detectors: cameras and time machines. Geiger, scintillator, cloud chamber, emulsions, bubble chamber, spark chamber, more advanced stuff.
  7. The forces of nature. 4 Forces with few examples (beta decay).
  8. Exotic matter (and antimatter). From strange-ness to top-ness: who ordered that? and then the antimatter puzzle.
  9. Where has the matter come from? "We exist because of a series of fortunate accidents: the fact that the Sun burns just at the right rate (linked to the mass of the W boson) [...], the fact that neutrons are slightly heavier than protons [...].
  10. Questions for the 21st century. Dark matter question, SUSY, mass-Higgs, QGP, CP, gravity as effect of extra-dimensions.
I found this book interesting, at the right level for an introduction to a reader who is interested and has a minimum of basics knowledge and intuition.

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